>Very unusual new paper by David Reich on Neanderthal origins & HS-Neanderthal split: Neanderthals were actually modern humans, but with ~95% archaic admixture. https://biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.03.03.709416v1
>~300 ka, early HS w/ Levallois tech expanded into Europe & extensively interbred w/ local Eurasian archaics (Sima de los Huesos/Denisovan-like). Minimal reproductive barrier massive introgression: resulting pop. ~95% archaic nuclear DNA, but retained HS culture (Levallois), Y-chr & mtDNA. This admixed group = Neanderthals.
>Meanwhile, remaining HS expanded into Africa & mixed w/ deeper-divergent African archaics (~1.5 Ma split, stronger barrier), acquiring ~20% archaic ancestry & becoming contemporary HS.
>Neanderthals & modern HS formed by parallel admixture ~300–200 ka. Unusual. OOA followed by 60 ka, both groups met again.
https://x.com/SvetStamov/status/2032923614366810447
Mutt race
Mutt species
Mutt world